The influence of slope gradient and gully channel on the run-out behavior of rockslide-debris flow: an analysis on the Verghereto landslide in Italy

Rockslide-debris flow may cause catastrophic damages because of its high speed and long run-out distance. The influences slope gradient gully channel on the entrainment, deposition, behavior this type landslide were not sufficiently investigated by previous studies. To achieve a better understanding toward landslide, recent rockslide-debris that occurred in Northern Apennines Italy is studied through field investigation numerical simulation. process simulated an improved depth-averaged model, paying special attention to analyzing influence channel. simulation results are compared with detailed data entrainment deposition distributions. It shows model can reasonably simulate characteristic adopting different basal friction strengths for rockslide region debris region. Entrainment occurs both low zones. However, only be observed zones, while post-failure topography accumulation deposition. also demonstrate presence key factor determining mobility In comparison similar size geological settings but without channel, distance much less, does develop into flow.